Keto- Enol Tautomerism | Isomerization |Proton delocalization|Alpha hydrogen |Enolization |Stabilit
Tautomerism is a #phenomenon where a single chemical compound tends to exist in two or more interconvertible structures that are different in terms of the relative position of one atomic nucleus which is generally the hydrogen. The two structures are called tautomers and these type of isomer compounds usually differ only in the number of electrons and protons. They also exist in #dynamic #equilibrium Tautomerism usually happens in the presence of a #acid or #base catalyst. There is a #movement of atoms involved which are alpha hydrogen atoms. Tautomeric forms have two different structures. The compounds of tautomers are in equilibrium with each other. #tautomerism does not have an effect on the bond length. Tautomerism does not decrease the energy of the molecules and hence stabilises the molecule. It occurs in planar as well as non- #planar molecules. In this type of isomers interchange into/between one another easily to exist together in equilibrium. At the time of reaction, there occurs a proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion. example - Ketone-enol, enamine-imine, Tautomerism process provides more stability to the compound. In the 1880s, a scientist named Emil Erlenmeyer developed a rule for Tautomerism. He is one of the first people to have studied keto-enol Tautomerism. This rule states that the hydroxyl group in all #alcohols is attached directly with a double-bonded carbon atom, and forms #aldehydes or #ketones . This happened due to the more #stability of the #keto form. There are different types of Tautomerism. Among those, keto-enol Tautomerism is the most important one. Here, one structure is in enol, and the other is in ketone form. Both tautomeric forms are interconvertible to each other by the use of acid or base catalysts. This #conversion process of the ketone into enol is called enolization. Types of Tautomerism: Prototropy: This tautomerism type occurs due to the compound's acid-base behaviour. Here, the two forms differ only in the #position of a proton. This structure will have the same number of charges and the empirical formula. Annular Tautomerism: If a proton occupies either two or more positions of a #heterocyclic system, then such a process is known as annular Tautomerism. In Tautomerism, because of the delocalization of protons, if an open structure is altered to a ring structure, then such a tautomer is known as ring-chain tautomers. An example of ring-chain tautomers is Glucose. Valence Tautomerism: It is a type of Tautomerism where there is a continuous formation and single and double bonds breaking in the compound without any migration of atoms or groups. It is different from the other tautomerism types and is a rapid process. Structural Requirement of Tautomerism • Compounds contain polar molecules and weakly acidic group functional groups. • It involves the change in position of an atom. • It has no effects on bond length or such features. • Generally, it occurs in planar or non-planar molecules. Differences Between Resonance and Tautomerism: Resonance and Tautomerism are important chemical concepts. Resonance is used to determine the actual structure of a chemical compound. Tautomerism determines the chemical structure of a compound, which is most stable at given conditions. There are many differences between two terms. The difference between #resonance and tautomerism is that resonance occurs due to the #interaction between #lone electron #pairs and bond electron pairs whereas tautomerism occurs due to the interconversion of #organic #compounds by relocating a proton. Tautomerism #keto-enol isomerization#Proton delocalization#alpha hydrogen atom#enolization#BSc#neet #tautomerism #keto #ketoenol #isomerism #isomer #enol #threo #stereo #stereochemistry #stereoisomers #opticalisomerism #enantiomers #diastereomers #organicchemistry #organic #cuet #jee #icar #opticalisomerism #enantiomers #mirrorimage #mirror #isomer #isomers #isomerism#absolute #relative #configuration #structure#structures
Tautomerism is a #phenomenon where a single chemical compound tends to exist in two or more interconvertible structures that are different in terms of the relative position of one atomic nucleus which is generally the hydrogen. The two structures are called tautomers and these type of isomer compounds usually differ only in the number of electrons and protons. They also exist in #dynamic #equilibrium Tautomerism usually happens in the presence of a #acid or #base catalyst. There is a #movement of atoms involved which are alpha hydrogen atoms. Tautomeric forms have two different structures. The compounds of tautomers are in equilibrium with each other. #tautomerism does not have an effect on the bond length. Tautomerism does not decrease the energy of the molecules and hence stabilises the molecule. It occurs in planar as well as non- #planar molecules. In this type of isomers interchange into/between one another easily to exist together in equilibrium. At the time of reaction, there occurs a proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion. example - Ketone-enol, enamine-imine, Tautomerism process provides more stability to the compound. In the 1880s, a scientist named Emil Erlenmeyer developed a rule for Tautomerism. He is one of the first people to have studied keto-enol Tautomerism. This rule states that the hydroxyl group in all #alcohols is attached directly with a double-bonded carbon atom, and forms #aldehydes or #ketones . This happened due to the more #stability of the #keto form. There are different types of Tautomerism. Among those, keto-enol Tautomerism is the most important one. Here, one structure is in enol, and the other is in ketone form. Both tautomeric forms are interconvertible to each other by the use of acid or base catalysts. This #conversion process of the ketone into enol is called enolization. Types of Tautomerism: Prototropy: This tautomerism type occurs due to the compound's acid-base behaviour. Here, the two forms differ only in the #position of a proton. This structure will have the same number of charges and the empirical formula. Annular Tautomerism: If a proton occupies either two or more positions of a #heterocyclic system, then such a process is known as annular Tautomerism. In Tautomerism, because of the delocalization of protons, if an open structure is altered to a ring structure, then such a tautomer is known as ring-chain tautomers. An example of ring-chain tautomers is Glucose. Valence Tautomerism: It is a type of Tautomerism where there is a continuous formation and single and double bonds breaking in the compound without any migration of atoms or groups. It is different from the other tautomerism types and is a rapid process. Structural Requirement of Tautomerism • Compounds contain polar molecules and weakly acidic group functional groups. • It involves the change in position of an atom. • It has no effects on bond length or such features. • Generally, it occurs in planar or non-planar molecules. Differences Between Resonance and Tautomerism: Resonance and Tautomerism are important chemical concepts. Resonance is used to determine the actual structure of a chemical compound. Tautomerism determines the chemical structure of a compound, which is most stable at given conditions. There are many differences between two terms. The difference between #resonance and tautomerism is that resonance occurs due to the #interaction between #lone electron #pairs and bond electron pairs whereas tautomerism occurs due to the interconversion of #organic #compounds by relocating a proton. Tautomerism #keto-enol isomerization#Proton delocalization#alpha hydrogen atom#enolization#BSc#neet #tautomerism #keto #ketoenol #isomerism #isomer #enol #threo #stereo #stereochemistry #stereoisomers #opticalisomerism #enantiomers #diastereomers #organicchemistry #organic #cuet #jee #icar #opticalisomerism #enantiomers #mirrorimage #mirror #isomer #isomers #isomerism#absolute #relative #configuration #structure#structures