LED | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode 00:02:05 1 History 00:02:14 1.1 Discoveries and early devices 00:07:46 1.2 Initial commercial development 00:10:26 1.3 Blue LED 00:15:30 1.4 White LEDs and the illumination breakthrough 00:18:36 2 Physics of light production and emission 00:19:16 3 Colors 00:19:48 3.1 Blue and ultraviolet 00:22:16 3.2 White 00:23:38 3.2.1 RGB systems 00:26:45 3.2.2 Phosphor-based LEDs 00:30:51 3.2.3 Other white LEDs 00:32:04 4 Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) 00:33:15 5 Types 00:34:08 5.1 Miniature 00:35:20 5.2 High-power 00:36:56 5.3 AC-driven 00:37:53 5.4 Application-specific variations 00:38:03 5.4.1 Flashing 00:38:47 5.4.2 Bi-color 00:39:39 5.4.3 RGB Tri-color 00:40:37 5.4.4 Decorative-multicolor 00:40:59 5.4.5 Alphanumeric 00:41:46 5.4.6 Digital RGB 00:42:44 5.4.7 Filament 00:43:41 5.4.8 Chip-on-board arrays 00:44:10 6 Considerations for use 00:44:20 6.1 Power sources 00:45:07 6.2 Electrical polarity 00:45:45 6.3 Safety and health 00:47:12 6.4 Advantages 00:50:32 6.5 Disadvantages 00:54:13 7 Applications 00:54:55 7.1 Indicators and signs 00:56:54 7.2 Lighting 01:00:55 7.3 Data communication and other signalling 01:02:00 7.4 Machine vision systems 01:02:53 7.5 Other applications 01:06:10 8 Research and development 01:06:19 8.1 Key challenges 01:07:17 8.2 Upcoming technology 01:07:26 8.2.1 Perovskite LEDs (PLEDs) 01:08:13 8.2.2 Two-way LEDs Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8034089262204496 Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-control circuits, such as those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with high light output. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent bulbs, and in seven-segment displays. Recent developments have produced high-output white light LEDs suitable for room and outdoor area lighting. LEDs have led to new displays and sensors, while their high switching rates are useful in advanced communications technology. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes, lighted wallpaper and medical devices.Unlike a laser, the color of light emitted from an LED is neither coherent nor monochromatic, but the spectrum is narrow with respect to human vision, and functionally monochromatic.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode 00:02:05 1 History 00:02:14 1.1 Discoveries and early devices 00:07:46 1.2 Initial commercial development 00:10:26 1.3 Blue LED 00:15:30 1.4 White LEDs and the illumination breakthrough 00:18:36 2 Physics of light production and emission 00:19:16 3 Colors 00:19:48 3.1 Blue and ultraviolet 00:22:16 3.2 White 00:23:38 3.2.1 RGB systems 00:26:45 3.2.2 Phosphor-based LEDs 00:30:51 3.2.3 Other white LEDs 00:32:04 4 Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) 00:33:15 5 Types 00:34:08 5.1 Miniature 00:35:20 5.2 High-power 00:36:56 5.3 AC-driven 00:37:53 5.4 Application-specific variations 00:38:03 5.4.1 Flashing 00:38:47 5.4.2 Bi-color 00:39:39 5.4.3 RGB Tri-color 00:40:37 5.4.4 Decorative-multicolor 00:40:59 5.4.5 Alphanumeric 00:41:46 5.4.6 Digital RGB 00:42:44 5.4.7 Filament 00:43:41 5.4.8 Chip-on-board arrays 00:44:10 6 Considerations for use 00:44:20 6.1 Power sources 00:45:07 6.2 Electrical polarity 00:45:45 6.3 Safety and health 00:47:12 6.4 Advantages 00:50:32 6.5 Disadvantages 00:54:13 7 Applications 00:54:55 7.1 Indicators and signs 00:56:54 7.2 Lighting 01:00:55 7.3 Data communication and other signalling 01:02:00 7.4 Machine vision systems 01:02:53 7.5 Other applications 01:06:10 8 Research and development 01:06:19 8.1 Key challenges 01:07:17 8.2 Upcoming technology 01:07:26 8.2.1 Perovskite LEDs (PLEDs) 01:08:13 8.2.2 Two-way LEDs Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8034089262204496 Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-control circuits, such as those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with high light output. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps, replacing small incandescent bulbs, and in seven-segment displays. Recent developments have produced high-output white light LEDs suitable for room and outdoor area lighting. LEDs have led to new displays and sensors, while their high switching rates are useful in advanced communications technology. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes, lighted wallpaper and medical devices.Unlike a laser, the color of light emitted from an LED is neither coherent nor monochromatic, but the spectrum is narrow with respect to human vision, and functionally monochromatic.