Nikolay's Genetics Lessons

In a sense, yes. Identical twins occur when a single fertilised egg is split into two, with the two resulting eggs sharing the same DNA. In a sense, they are even more identical to each other than a clone would be to its DNA donor, as they often share the same environments both before and after birth, which clones generally do not. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28aReJYHeS8

Has it ever occurred to you that we have been cloning animals for about 26 years now, but what about just cloning our own hair? Isn't it easier? Junji Fukuda, PhD, professor, at Yokohama National University made a ricent breakethough: he reports that his group was able to increase the probability of hair formation in a cell culture from less than 1% — one out of 300 cell aggregates — at the beginning of the research to almost 100% — or 300 out of 300 cell aggregates. They were able to create these tiny hair follicles by controlling the structure created by those back-and-forth communications between embryonic cells by way of a “low concentration of extracellular matrices,” which is the network in your body that offers structure for your tissue and cells. The team grew hair shafts and hair follicles “with almost 100% efficiency,” generating “fully mature hair follicles with long hair shafts,” according to the release. Let's hope that in the next decade this scientific breakthrough will be transferred from laboratories to clinics where it will be available to everyone. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpLvgHdcJFw

Did you know that Uncombable hair syndrome is a genetic condition that causes child’s hair to grow in a way that can’t be flattened down with a comb. This happens because child's hair grows in multiple directions instead of down. Hair may be a lighter tone, dry and frizzy. The hair on the rest of child’s body grows as expected and the condition only affects the hair on child''s scalp. The condition resolves itself over time. Mutation in one of the the following genes causes this condition: PADI3, TGM3, TCHH. These genes provide instructions that tell your hair strands to grow in a cylindrical shape, which is the same shape as a tin can. The cylinder shape guides your hair to grow in one direction out of your hair follicle, similar to how a vase holds a flower to help it grow upright. What about former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson - let's look at his photographs in his youth, as you can see, he didn't have any problems, he's just a clown who decided to save money on a hairdresser. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7W1BMherKk

If you think that folklore cyclops is a play of the imagination, this is not entirely true, in fact, such a genetic disorder occurs in both animals and people. Cyclopia is a rare birth condition that occurs approximately 1 in 100,000 births when the front portion of the brain does not properly split into two hales, known as the right and left hemispheres. Cyclopia lead to structural abnormalities of the head and face. Unlike the folklore cyclops, who were giants and had enomous strength this conditi also associated with low survival rates. Most infants born with cyclopia are stillborn or die within a few hours of birth. The exact causes of cyclopia remain unknown, but one-third of infants born with this condition have chromosomal abnormalities. The most common of these is having three copies of chromosome 13, which is known as trisomy 13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aJ8B12w1Kk

Embracing the Benefits of GMO Crops in India: A Path to Sustainable Agriculture Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) have been a topic of global debate, and India, as an agrarian economy, is no stranger to this discussion. While concerns about environmental impact, health, and ethical considerations have been raised, it is essential to recognize the potential benefits that GMO crops can bring to India's agricultural landscape. Increased Crop Yield: GMO crops are engineered to resist pests and diseases, providing a higher yield compared to traditional crops. In a country where a significant portion of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, increasing crop productivity is paramount. GMO crops offer the potential to produce more with fewer resources, ensuring food security and economic stability. Drought Resistance: India frequently faces challenges related to unpredictable weather patterns, including droughts. GMO crops can be developed to withstand water scarcity, ensuring that farmers have more resilient and adaptable crops that can thrive even in challenging conditions. This is especially crucial in regions where water resources are scarce. Reduced Dependency on Pesticides: Traditional farming practices often involve the extensive use of chemical pesticides, which can harm the environment and pose health risks to farmers. GMO crops can be engineered to resist pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This not only benefits the environment but also safeguards the health of farmers and consumers. Improved Nutritional Content: GMO technology allows for the enhancement of nutritional content in crops. For a country like India, where malnutrition is a persistent issue, genetically modified crops can be developed to carry higher levels of essential nutrients, addressing nutritional deficiencies and improving public health. Economic Benefits for Farmers: By adopting GMO crops, farmers can experience increased profits due to higher yields and reduced expenses on pesticides. Additionally, genetically modified crops may have a longer shelf life, reducing post-harvest losses and ensuring that farmers receive fair compensation for their efforts. Environmental Sustainability: GMO crops can contribute to environmentally sustainable agriculture by minimizing the need for excessive land use and decreasing the environmental impact of chemical pesticides. With careful management, GMO crops can be part of a more sustainable and ecologically friendly agricultural system. While concerns about GMO crops are valid and should be addressed through rigorous research and transparent regulatory frameworks, it is equally important to recognize the potential benefits these crops can bring to India. As the nation grapples with challenges related to food security, environmental sustainability, and economic well-being, embracing the advancements in agricultural biotechnology could pave the way for a more resilient and prosperous future. By fostering a balanced dialogue and encouraging informed decision-making, India can harness the potential of GMO crops to address the evolving needs of its agricultural sector. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itiMA6CJeQQ

Beauty standards in Europe and India go in opposite directions.. Look - in India, most women want to appear lighter than they really are - that's why India is the champion in sales of skin whitening products.. Why does this happen? Partly this is a European influence - but only partly - for the most part the reason is simple - people with lighter skin have always been associated with those who do not work or work indoors - and are less exposed to the sun .. And accordingly, the skin of such people will be more lighter - even if you live in the south.. That's it. lighter skin means higher social status... At the same time, in Europe, people also want to appear to belong to a higher social status - people who work less, relax more, who can afford several vacations a year to the southern beaches - and the best confirmation of this is a tan.. The stronger your tan - the welthier, the more suxcessfull you are and the higher your social class in the eyes of others.. So while in India women want to become lighter, in Europe they want to become darker - but the reasons are the same in both cases. People want to increase their status in this way in the eyes of others. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gqQDY_qPGU

Testosterone plays a pivotal role in maintaining balance within the multi-dimensional psychological network of mood, behaviour, self-perception and perceived quality of life in men of any age. Apart from classical forms of hypogonadism, low testosterone concentrations can also be seen in older men, described as an age- and comorbidity-driven functional hypogonadism and might relate to depressive symptoms exhibiting a wide array of clinical pictures ranging from dysthymia and fatigue over inertia, listlessness to hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Also, various traits of anxiety, from unfocussed fear to phobic anxiousness and open panic syndromes, are influenced by testosterone. Correspondingly, anxiolysis is likely to be modulated by testosterone via stress resilience, threat vigilance and reward processing. The steroid modulates pro-active and re-active dimensions of aggression, which has to be seen within the context of gaining or maintaining status. This may also include other strategies impacting the social position: heroic or parochial altruism and non-aggressive paths of assertiveness, such as posture and social vigilance. Independent rather than relationship-associated self-construal and self-esteem influence risk-taking traits under the modulation of testosterone. In addition, the genetic setting of the androgen receptor modulates the role of testosterone in aspects regarding mood and personality. Dimensions of sexuality are rather important in this context, but are not target of this article and covered in another part of this special edition. Overall, the quality of life in older hypogonadal men can be positively influenced by testosterone substitution, as has been demonstrated in large placebo-controlled trials. Keywords: androgen receptor; behaviour; depression; mood; testosterone. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ltEiuJSdhg

As you can see among Indians, regardless of ethnicity, there are three main genetic components: Iranian, steppe and Onge. After the Jats, the second ethnic group with the greatest steppe influence are Ror. Some folktales claim that the Ror of Haryana are a branch of the Marathas of Maharashtra, however modern genetic analysis has shown no immediate connection. In fact, according to one estimate, the Ror are genetically closer to Chechens in Russia, than to Marathas. Compare genetic distance. What do Chechens look like? This is a small ethnic group in Russia which makes up 1% of the population. Chechens have a tough temperament - and it took Russia 47 years to concor this region in the 19th century. Compare it took the Russian Army one year to destroy half of Europen armies and enter Paris in the same 19th century. In the 20th century, it took Russia 4 years to reach Berlin and at the end of the 20th century it took almost 10 years to reclaim the Caucasus again.. If you look for photos of Chechens on Google, 99% of them will be Chechens in military uniform or with weapons in their hands. Chechens are not Slavs - but over the last 150 years there has been active mixing with Russians, many mixed marriages. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj_YWD-lKuU

In a study published Tuesday in the journal Cell Reports, Dr. Esteller and his team recruited 32 pairs of look-alikes from Mr. Brunelle’s photographs to take DNA tests and complete questionnaires about their lifestyles. The researchers used facial recognition software to quantify the similarities between the participants’ faces. Sixteen of those 32 pairs achieved similar overall scores to identical twins analyzed by the same software. The researchers then compared the DNA of these 16 pairs of doppelgängers to see if their DNA was as similar as their faces. Dr. Esteller found that the 16 pairs who were “true” look-alikes shared significantly more of their genes than the other 16 pairs that the software deemed less similar. “These people really look alike because they share important parts of the genome, or the DNA sequence,” he said. That people who look more alike have more genes in common “would seem like common sense, but never had been shown,” he added. However, DNA alone doesn’t tell the whole story of our makeup. Our lived experiences, and those of our ancestors, influence which of our genes are switched on or off — what scientists call our epigenomes. And our microbiome, our microscopic co-pilot made up of bacteria, fungi and viruses, is further influenced by our environment. Dr. Esteller found that while the doppelgängers’ genomes were similar, their epigenomes and microbiomes were different. “Genetics put them together, and epigenetics and microbiome pulls them apart,” he said. This discrepancy tells us that the pairs’ similar appearances have more to do with their DNA than with the environments they grew up in. That surprised Dr. Esteller, who had expected to see a bigger environmental influence. #LookAlike #Doppelgangers #GeneticSimilarities #LookalikeStudy #DNA #Twinning #GeneticConnections #ScienceBehindLooks #HumanGenome #Epigenetics #Microbiome #FacialRecognition #ForensicScience #Genetics #HumanConnections #SharedGenes #LookalikeFriends #HumanDiversity #SecretTwins #HumanBonding #doppelgängerthe magic school bus doppelgänger theoryder doppelgänger schuberttaylor swift doppelgängercreepy doppelgängerliszt der doppelgängerbro had a doppelgängerthe magic school bus doppelgänger theory reactionwhen your friend is a doppelgängerbalkan childhood doppelgänger songtrixie doppelgängerder doppelgängerhajde doppelgängerinvoluntary doppelgänger https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjJt7stWTX8

First human race to migrate to India directly from Africa was Australoid race. Second human race to migrate to India was Iranian neolithic people(not same as present Iranians, present Iranians are mix of Anatolian farmer and some steppe pastorals.) Third human race to migrate from west was bmac(south central asian bronze age civilization) people, they were mix of Iranian neolithic people, Siberian hunter gatherer and Anatolian farmer. Fourth race to migrate from west was steppe pastorals which we considers as aryan, highest admixture of steppe is in jats and lowest is in paniya. Out of jat region brahmins have highest steppe in India. From north and east there was migration of mongoloid race whose admixture can be seen in Ladakh, Himachal, Uttrakhand, Sikkim, Bengali, Assamese and north east Indian people. The presence of many races is the reason why we see thousand of community in India and so much linguistic diversity too. In stone age there was no country and human was free to roam around, it was agricultural revolution which changed human who was nomad hunter gatherer into settled being and tribes started to form on the basis of race, occupation and cultural beliefs. Here are summary of genetic detail of different communities of india:- Dalits, south Indians and Baniya are australoid shifted communities Kamboj and Khatri are most bmac shifted communities Gujjar is most Iran neolithic shifted community Jat is most steppe shifted community Jat is least australoid admixture carrying community of India Paniya is highest australoid admixture carrying community of India India is so diverse that Jat from north India are genetically closer to Udmurt of Russia than Maratha of southern India, reason for such distance is Maratha have low steppe admixture and high australoid admixture while jats have high steppe admixture and low australoid admixture, Maratha are not even most australoid community, Dalits of north India(except Punjab) are more australoid community than Marathas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs8FkR_oCvU

Do you know what isDNA phenotyping? These are a photos of 25-year-old Chantay Blankinship. Her body was found on Sunday 15 May 2016 in an abandoned, dilapidated house in an area of isolated countryside. She had been sexually assaulted, but DNA collected did not provide any hits in the CODIS system. It was nearly a year and a half after Chantay's murder, with no suspects and no remaining leads, when investigator Scott Bird learned about Parabon's Snapshot DNA Phenotyping Service, after watching a true crime television show on which the technology was featured. Within weeks, Parabon produced the report which revealed the perpetrator to most likely be a white male of European ancestry with brown or light brown hair, blue or green eyes and some freckling. Within hours of the Snapshot release, police received numerous tips about the suspect's possible identity. One of the candidates was Ryan Derek Riggs. Sheriff Hill said Riggs was "not even on our radar" prior to the release of the Snapshot report. Riggs was charged with the capital murder of Blankinship after he provided details of the crime scene that only the suspect would know. Later he got life sentence without parole. digital forensics science history of forensic science bsc forensic science digital forensics science in cybersecurity principles of forensic science forensic science forensics science olympiad forensics science major bill nye the science guy forensics junk science forensics the real science of forensics trendy science teacher forensics bachelor of science in cyber forensics computer science digital forensics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EByo1keOJI

Charlie Chasen and Michael Malone met in Atlanta in 1997, when Mr. Malone served as a guest singer in Mr. Chasen’s band. They quickly became friends, but they didn’t notice what other people around them did: The two men could pass for twins. Mr. Malone and Mr. Chasen are doppelgängers. They look strikingly similar, but they are not related. Their immediate ancestors aren’t even from the same parts of the world; Mr. Chasen’s forebears hailed from Lithuania and Scotland, while Mr. Malone’s parents are from the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas. The two friends, along with hundreds of other unrelated look-alikes, participated in a photography project by François Brunelle, a Canadian artist. The picture series, “I’m not a look-alike!,” was inspired by Mr. Brunelle’s discovery of his own look-alike, the English actor Rowan Atkinson. The project has been a hit on social media and other parts of the internet, but it’s also drawn the attention of scientists who study genetic relationships. Dr. Manel Esteller, a researcher at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute in Barcelona, Spain, had previously studied the physical differences between identical twins, and he wanted to examine the reverse: people who look alike but aren’t related. “What’s the explanation for these people?” he wondered. In a study published Tuesday in the journal Cell Reports, Dr. Esteller and his team recruited 32 pairs of look-alikes from Mr. Brunelle’s photographs to take DNA tests and complete questionnaires about their lifestyles. The researchers used facial recognition software to quantify the similarities between the participants’ faces. Sixteen of those 32 pairs achieved similar overall scores to identical twins analyzed by the same software. The researchers then compared the DNA of these 16 pairs of doppelgängers to see if their DNA was as similar as their faces. Dr. Esteller found that the 16 pairs who were “true” look-alikes shared significantly more of their genes than the other 16 pairs that the software deemed less similar. “These people really look alike because they share important parts of the genome, or the DNA sequence,” he said. That people who look more alike have more genes in common “would seem like common sense, but never had been shown,” he added. However, DNA alone doesn’t tell the whole story of our makeup. Our lived experiences, and those of our ancestors, influence which of our genes are switched on or off — what scientists call our epigenomes. And our microbiome, our microscopic co-pilot made up of bacteria, fungi and viruses, is further influenced by our environment. Dr. Esteller found that while the doppelgängers’ genomes were similar, their epigenomes and microbiomes were different. “Genetics put them together, and epigenetics and microbiome pulls them apart,” he said. This discrepancy tells us that the pairs’ similar appearances have more to do with their DNA than with the environments they grew up in. That surprised Dr. Esteller, who had expected to see a bigger environmental influence. Because the doppelgängers’ appearances are more attributable to shared genes than shared life experiences, that means that, to some extent, their similarities are just the luck of the draw, spurred on by population growth. There are, after all, only so many ways to build a face. “Now there are so many people in the world that the system is repeating itself,” Dr. Esteller said. It’s not unreasonable to assume that you, too, might have a look-alike out there. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enyS-B9yNpM

The Kaifeng Jews are members of a small community of descendants of Chinese Jews in Kaifeng, in the Henan province of China. In the early centuries of their settlement, they may have numbered around 2,500 people. Despite their isolation from the rest of the Jewish diaspora, their ancestors managed to practice Jewish traditions and customs for several centuries. The distinctive customary life of the Kaifeng community slowly eroded, as assimilation and intermarriage with Han Chinese and Hui neighbors advanced, until, by the 19th century, its Jewishness largely became extinct, apart from its retention of memories of its clan's Jewish past. The place of origin of these Jews and the date when they established their settlement in Kaifeng are sources of intense debate among experts. While the descendants of the Kaifeng Jews are assimilated into mainstream Chinese culture, some of them are trying to revive the beliefs and customs of their ancestors. In the 21st century, efforts have been made to revive Kaifeng's Jewish heritage and encourage the descendants of its original population to convert back to Judaism.Several have undertaken to qualify for aliyah and relocate to Israel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCg5uiARDEw

Indo-European people known as the Aryans invaded the Indian subcontinent around 1500 BCE, bringing with them the Vedic culture and Sanskrit language. According to this theory, the indigenous people of the Indian subcontinent, referred to as Dravidians, were displaced or assimilated by the invading Aryans. The Aryans were envisioned as a nomadic, warlike people who significantly influenced the cultural and linguistic landscape of the region. Aryan Migration Theory (AMT): The Aryan Migration Theory, on the other hand, suggests a more gradual and peaceful migration of Indo-European people into the Indian subcontinent. According to this theory, there was no large-scale invasion, but rather a migration of people over an extended period. Proponents of the AMT argue that the spread of Indo-Aryan languages and cultures in South Asia occurred through a process of migration, cultural diffusion, and interaction with the local populations. This model envisions a scenario where the incoming Indo-Aryans integrated with the existing Dravidian-speaking communities. It's important to note that the Aryan Invasion Theory has been widely criticized and is considered outdated by many scholars. Modern linguistic, archaeological, and genetic research has provided evidence more in line with the Aryan Migration Theory, which suggests a complex and multi-faceted interaction between various linguistic and cultural groups in the Indian subcontinent. The use of the term "Aryan" has also been controversial, as it has been misused in the past to support racist ideologies. Scholars today prefer to use terms like "Indo-Aryan" to describe the linguistic group rather than "Aryan." #india #aryan #haplogroup #sanskrit #dravidian https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-GWWOzQITE

An international team led by researchers from the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has identified a genetic variant that is a major contributor to small size in dogs. The findings appear in the April 6, 2007 issue of the journal Science. “The identification and characterization of a key genetic variant that accounts for differences in dog size is particularly exciting because the underlying gene is present in all dogs and other diverse species, including humans,” said Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D., scientific director of the NHGRI Division of Intramural Research. “Discoveries like this illustrate the exciting promise of genomics research for understanding the inheritance of a wide range of traits, including those that have an impact on health and disease.” In their study, researchers explored the genetic basis for size variation among dogs by comparing the DNA of various small dog breeds, including Chihuahuas, Toy Fox Terriers and Pomeranians, to an array of larger dog breeds, including Irish Wolfhounds, Saint Bernards and Great Danes. Their investigation found that variation in one gene — IGF-1, which codes for a protein hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1, is very strongly associated with small stature across all dog breeds studied.The branch of the canine family tree that includes domestic dogs diverged from that of the gray wolf more than 15,000 years ago. Due to selective breeding by humans throughout history, dogs today exhibit an extremely wide range of body types and behaviors. In fact, dogs exhibit the greatest diversity in body size of any mammalian species. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlfEGXkIEAQ

Have you know that now criminals can be found even if their genetic profiles are not in the databases? Scientists have accumulated enough data to use DNA to determine a person’s ethnic origin, the color of his skin, hair, eyes, the width and length of his nose, as well as lips.. In these photographs you see generated images based on DNA and the real faces of the people to whom they belong. This technology is called DNA phenotipiis still very new and imagine what heights it can reach in a few years. Journalists from the New York Times magazine decided to conduct a study - they provided the DNA of two of their colleagues, faces were generated - the first person was identified by most of the fellow journalists as colleague Andrew Ross Sorkin, but this was not correct, in fact it was their colleague John Markoff - perhaps it's because of the glasses - without glasses, people's faces are perceived completely differently. The majority correctly identified the second person; they were given 10 photographs of colleagues to choose from, half of them of Asian appearance. As you can see, this technology can greatly help in the investigation of crimes or in the search for unidentified persons.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0C82m9hjUU

In the early hours of 4 Feb 2012, Troy and LaDonna French were gunned down in their home in Reidsville, NC. The couple awoke to screams from their 19-year old daughter, Whitley, who had detected the presence of a male intruder in her second floor room. As they rushed from their downstairs bedroom to aid their daughter, the intruder attempted to quiet the girl with threats at knifepoint. Failing this, he released Whitley and raced down the stairs. After swapping his knife for the handgun in his pocket, he opened fire on the couple as they approached the stairwell. During his escape, the perpetrator left a few drops of his blood on the handrail, apparently the result of mishandling his knife. DNA from this bloodstain would later prove crucial in enabling the Rockingham County Sheriff's Office (RCSO) to solve the case. In Feb 2015, after reading about the recent debut of the Parabon Snapshot® DNA Phenotyping Service, Captain Howell contacted Parabon to explore the possibility of obtaining phenotyping analysis of the perpetrator's DNA. By April, samples were delivered to AKESOgen, one of the genotyping labs that supports Parabon's unique brand of DNA analysis. Unlike traditional DNA crime labs, AKESOgen performs genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, pronounced "snips"), the millions of markers on the genome that collectively encode the genetic information that accounts for much of the trait differences in people. Starting with 30 ng of DNA, AKESOgen used the Illumina CytoSNP-850K chip to genotype over 850,000 SNPs from the sample, with an overall call rate of 98.9%. With the resulting SNP genotype data, Parabon scientists used Snapshot to predict the perpetrator's likely appearance and ancestry. Snapshot® Composite Profile for Case #3999837068, Rockingham County, NC Sheriff's Office A comparison of the Snapshot Composite Profile and a photo of José Alvarez, Jr. taken at the time of his arrest. On 7 May 2015, Parabon briefed Captain Howell and Detective Marcus Marshall, lead investigator on the case, about the Snapshot results for their sample. The subject's DNA indicated he had fair or very fair skin, brown or hazel eyes, dark hair, and little evidence of freckling. Face morphology analysis suggested the subject had a wide facial structure and non-protruding nose and chin. Importantly, Snapshot analysis indicated the subject had admixed ancestry, a roughly 50-50 combination of European and Latino ancestry consistent with that observed in individuals with one European and one Latino parent. John Alvarez has such admixed ancestry, but DNA analysis had ruled him out as a suspect, and Y-STR analysis indicated the perpetrator did not share a paternal lineage with John. Nevertheless, the Snapshot predictions for the case were highly consistent with John's brother, José Alvarez Jr. "The Snapshot ancestry analysis and phenotype predictions suggested we should not eliminate José as a suspect, despite the Y-STR results," said Detective Marshall. "The likeness of the Snapshot composite with his driver's license photograph is quite striking." Within weeks of receiving the Snapshot report, Detective Marshall requested a DNA sample from José Alvarez Jr., and his father José Alvarez Sr. Both consented to be swabbed. Traditional DNA analysis proved beyond all doubt that the blood on the stairwell in the French home had come from José Alvarez Jr. It also showed, to everyone's surprise, that José Alvarez Sr. is not his biological father, which is why the Y-STRs did not match. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B153ElMk6Cw

DNA Phenotyping is the prediction of physical appearance from DNA. It can be used to generate leads in cases where there are no suspects or database hits, to narrow suspect lists. Here is a real case: On 11 September 2008 Brittani suffered severe injuries from the attack, including multiple skull fractures, lacerations on her head and face, and a broken arm and wrist. At the hospital, she was reported to be in critical condition, with fixed pupils, minimal brain activity, and a low likelihood of survival. She remained in a coma for several weeks. When she awoke, she had no recollection of the attack. The police managed to find the suspect's blood at the crime scene, but it was not in the criminal database. Only when the investigation reached a dead end 6 years later, the chief investigator gave a try to Snapshot® DNA Phenotyping and decided it might point her in a useful direction. And here you see a snapshot they got - on the left computer generated on the right of the criminal that was later identified and arrested thanks to this new DNA phenotyping technology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDr2wSEuunY

We have already discussed haplogroups L, R, and today we'll discuss Haplogroup Q which occurs with frequency 15.6% in Jats population. With its origins in central Siberia, descendants of this group are linked to the Huns, Mongols, and Turkic people. In Europe it is found in southern Sweden, among Ashkenazi Jews, and in central and Eastern Europe. A subclade of this haplogroup is associated with Native American populations, and the mutation occurred 8 to 12 thousand years ago during the migration to the Americas through the Bering Strait. In contrast Q1b2 is found almost exclusively in the Indian subcontinent. The two Q1b branch split from each others some 15,000 years ago, during the Late Paleolithic period. Data is still sparse about this subclade, but is it reasonable to assume that it has been in South Asia at least since the end of the last Ice Age, long before the Indo-European migrations. #Jatt #Jat #Jaat #Jutt #Jutes #Sikh #Haplogroup #genetics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZQlQ7GCeQU

Look at this chart, it shows all the haplogroups that can be found among the Indian Jats. The most common haplogroup you can find is L with a frequency 36.8% I have already made a video about it, today we will talk about the second most common haplogroup R with the frequency of 28.5%... This haplogroup originated in north Asia about 27,000 years ago. It is one of the most common haplogroups in Europe, with its branches reaching 80% of the population in some regions. One branch is believed to have originated in the Kurgan culture, known to be the first speakers of the Indo-European languages and responsible for the domestication of the horse. From somewhere in central Asia, some descendants of the man carrying the M207 mutation on the Y chromosome headed south to arrive in India about 10,000 years ago. This is one of the largest haplogroups in India and Pakistan. Of its key subclades, R2 is observed especially in India and central Asia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_1MhWSI7oQ